Nuclear Oncology

Archive for the ‘Cancer in Children’ Category

The holidays can be a risk factor for melanoma
The exposure to the sun rise by 5 percent in the presence of moles, which are the most dangerous factor of cancer in children under seven years, says a study released by the journal Cancer, Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention.

“Parents of young children should be cautious when they take children on holiday to sunny places on the shore and where people are exposed all day sun,” said Lori Crane, Department of Community Health School of Public Health of Colorado.

Moles or tumor growth (nevi) are the first sign of melanoma, skin cancer is more lethal. In the U.S. alone is estimated that each year the bad affects more than 62,000 people and over 8,000 die from the disease.

According to Crane, parents mistakenly believe that sunscreen is perfect.

Clarifies that these products offer some protection, but is also likely that children remain in the sun beyond the timely manner which increases the danger, he said.

“We recommend that to reduce the risk of children engaged in activities in the shade between 10 am and 4 pm. And if they have to be outdoors, to wear long-sleeved shirt.

In their study of 681 children born in 1998, scientists found that in the years before the examination to be undertaken to meet 7 years, moles, less than 22 mm increased 5 percent.

Rashes from the sun

It caused a rash after exposure to light. It is rare, and usually appears in young adults. The initial symptom is itching, followed by hives located in the irradiated area to begin within minutes of exposure and persist for several hours and left without leaving residual lesions.

Diagnosis

The history is very important: age of onset, family history of photosensitivity, with seasonal symptoms, duration of exposure required, latency between exposure and onset of clinical description of the eruption and its distribution, time of resolution if avoiding exposure, sunscreen use, drugs taken, local applications of cosmetic products, occupational exposure (welding arcs, lasers, UV lamps, industries, etc …) and others.

Treatment

* The best treatment is prevention, which in this case is to remain under cover, remembering that UVA rays can penetrate the crystals (usually not filter wavelengths> 320 nm) and that the clouds are not a protective factor solar. Rashes from the sun

* In addition, direct exposure to the sun at sunset is less dangerous than in the light of a cloudy afternoon. The white light of fluorescent lights can cause problems only in highly sensitive patients, depending on their proximity.

* Clothing does not offer full protection, as according to tissue type, thickness and color can allow the passage of spectra of light waves long wavelength (UVA and visible light) can pass through thin fabrics of nylon or of cotton.

* The sun protection factors only offer an increased tolerance time to sunlight (particularly UVB), but in fact may allow a normal life. Shown are useless in broad action spectra and to filter UVA and visible light. In these cases it may be effective titanium dioxide. Protective factors should be applied 30-45 min before the start of exposure to the sun, being eliminated by the sweat and water.

* In the case of a drug or substance recognized as a responsible withdrawal does not imply the immediate disappearance of photosensitivity, which may persist for some time.

* As a topical treatment can be used topical corticosteroids.

* In the systemic treatment-rays have been used PUVA, antimalarial drugs, beta-carotene and antihistamines.

Polymorphous light eruption

It is characterized by abnormal delayed reactions to the sun’s UV rays, manifesting as lesions varied: erythema, papules, plaques and vesicles.

In each patient, the rash is usually always a single presentation, the most papular and papulovesicular eruptions frequent. Solar is the most common rash, predominantly in females. Appears at the beginning of the sunny season (spring) and used to improve the acquisition tan.
It begins 18 to 24 hours after exposure to the sun for a few minutes or several days, and lasts about 7-10 days. Often, exposed areas and do not affect, however, the trunk, neck and chest, or extremities.
The diagnosis and treatment are based on the same principles as in solar urticaria.

A VCUG is a pediatric X-ray exam of the bladder and lower urinary tract of a child who uses a special x-ray called fluoroscopy and a contrast material.

An x-ray (radiograph) is a noninvasive medical test that helps physicians diagnose and treat medical conditions. The imaging X-rays involves exposing a body part to a small dose of ionizing radiation to produce images inside the body. X-rays are the oldest and most frequently used for medical imaging.

Fluoroscopy allows visualization of internal organs in motion. When the bladder fills with contrast material soluble in water first and
Some common uses of the procedure

A VCUG allows the radiologist, a physician specifically trained to supervise and interpret radiology examinations, abnormalities in the flow of urine through the urinary tract.

Usually this test is recommended after a urinary tract infection, to detect a condition known as vesicoureteral reflux (VU).
About VUR

Urine is produced in the kidneys and flows through the ureter, the tube that carries urine from each kidney to the bladder. A valve mechanism prevents the return of urine to the kidneys as the bladder fills. Urine leaves the bladder through the urethra and out of the body during urination.

In some children, an abnormality in the valve or the ureters allows urine to flow backwards, a condition called vesicoureteral reflux. In mild cases, the urine backs up into the lower ureter. In severe cases, urine may back up into a swollen kidney. Usually, children with this condition are born with it. Other causes are: Read the rest of this entry »